What is the primary function of the cuticle on the nail?

The primary function of the cuticle is to protect the nail plate from infection. The cuticle, also known as the eponychium, acts as a barrier between the surrounding skin and the nail matrix, which is the area where new nail cells are produced. By sealing the area where the nail emerges from the skin, the cuticle helps prevent microorganisms, dirt, and other harmful substances from entering and potentially causing infections or other disorders. This protective role is essential for maintaining the integrity of the nail and ensuring a healthy nail growth environment.

While the cuticle may have other roles, such as indirectly supporting nail health by keeping out contaminants, its primary and most crucial purpose is to act as a defense mechanism for the nail plate.